IBM Books

Nways Manager for AIX-LAN Network Manager/I.H.M.P. User's Guide

Glossary

This glossary defines terms and abbreviations used in this manual. It includes terms and definitions from the IBM Dictionary of Computing (New York; McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994).

The following cross-references are used in this glossary:

Contrast with. This refers to a term that has an opposed or substantively different meaning.

See. This refers to multiple-word terms in which this term appears.

See also. This refers to terms that have a related, but not synonymous, meaning.

Synonym for. This indicates that the term has the same meaning as a preferred term, which is defined in the glossary.

A

access unit
A unit that allows attaching devices to access a local area network (LAN) at a central point, such as a wiring closet or an open work area.

active
The state of a resource when it has been activated and is operational. Contrast with inactive and inoperative.

adapter
In a LAN, within a communicating device, a circuit card that, with its associated software and/or microcode, enables the device to communicate over the network.

address
In data communication, the IEEE-assigned unique code or the unique locally administered code assigned to each device or workstation connected to a network. To refer to a device or an item of data by its address. (I) (A)

address mask
For Internet subnetworking, a 32-bit mask used to identify the subnetwork address bits in the host portion of an IP address. Synonymous with subnet mask and subnetwork mask.

agent
In the TCP/IP environment, a process running on a network node that responds to requests and sends information.

AIX
Advanced Interactive Executive.

AIX operating system
IBM's implementation of the UNIX operating system. The RISC System/6000 system, among others, runs the AIX operating system.

alert
In the NetView for AIX program, a high-priority event that warrants immediate attention. This database record is generated for certain event types that are defined by user-constructed filters.

API
Application programming interface.

application
A collection of software components used to perform specific types of user-oriented work on a computer.

application program
A program written for or by a user that applies to the user's work. Some application programs receive support and services from a special kind of application program called a network application program. A program used to connect and communicate with stations in a network, enabling users to perform application-oriented activities.

application registration file
A file created by a programmer to integrate an application into the NetView for AIX program by defining its place in the program's menu structure, where help information is found, the number and types of parameters allowed, the command line used to start the application, and other characteristics of a user-written application.

application registration file
A file created by a programmer to integrate an application into the NetView for AIX program by defining its place in the program's menu structure, where help information is found, the number and types of parameters allowed, the command line used to start the application, and other characteristics of a user-written application.

arc
In topology, an arc represents connectivity between vertices or graphs. The connection is independent of either end point.

ASCII (American National Standard Code for Information Interchange)
The standard code, using a coded character set consisting of 7-bit coded characters (8 bits including parity check), that is used for information interchange among data processing systems, data communication systems, and associated equipment. The ASCII set consists of control characters and graphic characters. (A)  
Note:IBM has defined an extension to ASCII code (characters 128-255).

attach
To make a device a part of a network logically. Contrast with connect.

attaching device
Any device that is physically connected to a network and can communicate over the network. See also station.

attribute
A characteristic that identifies and describes an object. The characteristic can be determined, and possibly changed, through operations on the managed object.

attribute list
A list that displays the attributes that can be set for specific objects. These are global object attributes that are valid for an object across maps. The attributes list box is available in the Add Object, Add Connection, and Describe Object dialog boxes. When adding or describing an object, the attributes associated with the object can be viewed or modified.

B

background picture
A picture or graphic that has been added to a submap to serve as a background for the displayed symbols. Background graphics provide contextual information, such as a floor plan for systems or a map of geographically diverse sites. Both users and applications can specify a separate background graphic for each submap. Background graphics are added to a submap when a new submap is created or when Edit..Submap..Description is selected from the menu bar of the submap. The background graphic must be in graphic interchange format (GIF).

background process
A process that does not require operator intervention but can be run by the computer while the workstation is used to do other work. In the AIX operating system, a mode of program execution in which the shell does not wait for program completion before prompting the user for another command.

beacon frame
A frame sent by an adapter indicating a serious ring problem, such as a broken cable. An adapter is "beaconing" if it is sending such a frame.

bridge
An attaching device that connects two LAN segments to allow the transfer of information from one LAN segment to the other. A bridge may attach the LAN segments directly by network adapters and software in a single device, or may connect network adapters in two separate devices through software and use of a telecommunications link between the two adapters. A functional unit that connects two LANs that use the same logical link control (LLC) procedures but may use the same or different medium access control (MAC) protocols. (T) Contrast with gateway and router.

bridging
In LANs, the forwarding of a frame from one LAN segment to another. The destination is specified by the medium access control (MAC) sublayer address encoded in the destination address field of the frame header.

broadband LAN
A local area network in which data are encoded, multiplexed, and transmitted with modulation of carriers.
Note:A broadband LAN consists of more than one channel. (T)

buffer
A portion of storage used to hold input or output data temporarily. A routine or storage used to compensate for differences in data rate or time of occurrence of events, when transferring data from one device to another. (A)

bus
A facility for transferring data between several devices located between two end points, only one device being able to transmit at a given moment. (T)   One or more conductors used for transmitting signals or power. (A)  

button
A word or picture on the screen that can be selected. Once selected and activated, a button begins an action in the same manner that pressing a key on the keyboard can begin an action.

C

cache
A special-purpose buffer storage, smaller and faster than main storage, used to hold a copy of instructions and data obtained from main storage and likely to be needed next by the processor. (T)   A buffer storage that contains frequently accessed instructions and data; it is used to reduce access time. An optional part of the directory database in network nodes where frequently used directory information may be stored to speed directory searches. To place, hide, or store in a cache.

card
A unique place to display information that relates to an event. A card provides a repository for information and a fast path to the MIB browser application and the topology map representation of managed objects. Cards are placed in workspaces and can be sent to other users, searched, ordered, and reports can be generated from them. See also MIB.

CCITT
International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee. This was an organization of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). On 1 March 1993 the ITU was reorganized, and responsibilities for standardization were placed in a subordinate organization named the Telecommunication Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-TS). "CCITT" continues to be used for recommendations that were approved before the reorganization.

child
Pertaining to a secured resource, either a file or library, that uses the user list of a parent resource. A child resource can have only one parent resource. A child is a process, started by a parent process, that shares the resources of the parent process. Contrast with parent.

child submap
A submap that represents a detailed view of an object, or the "contents" of an object (called the parent object) on a map. Double-clicking on an explodable symbol that represents the parent object opens the child submap. See also parent object.

click
To press and release a mouse button without moving the pointer off the choice.

client
A functional unit that receives shared services from a server. (T)   A user. In an AIX distributed file system environment, a system that is dependent on a server to provide it with programs or access to programs.

CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol.

CNM
Communication network management.

command
A request from a terminal for the performance of an operation or the execution of a particular program.

command list
In the NetView for AIX program, a list of commands and statements designed to perform a specific function for the user. Command lists can be written in REXX or in the NetView command list language.

Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP)
The OSI standard protocol defined in ISO/IEC 9596-1 for the interaction between managers and agents that use the Common Management Information Service Element (CMISE).

communication network management (CNM)
The process of designing, installing, operating, and managing distribution of information and control among users of communication systems.

community name
A password that must be used for certain SNMP requests. In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a string of octets identifying a community.

component
Any part of a network other than an attaching device, such as an IBM 8228 Multistation Access Unit. Hardware or software that is part of a functional unit.

compound status
The compound status scheme determines how status is propagated from symbols in child submaps to symbols of the parent object. The combined status of symbols determines the resulting compound status. Compound status can propagate up through multiple levels of submaps in the network map. The compound status setting applies to the entire map. In effect, the status of specific nodes propagates up to a symbol on a higher-level submap. Compound status is configured by using one of three schemes:

See also default compound status.

concentrator
A unit that allows multiple attaching devices access to the ring at a central point such as a wiring closet or in an open work area. A star-wired ring consists of one or more concentrators connected together to form a ring.

configuration file
A file that specifies the characteristics of a system device or network.

configuration parameter
A variable in a configuration definition, the values of which can characterize the relationship of a product to other products in the same network or can define characteristics of the product itself.

connect
In a LAN, to physically join a cable from a station to an access unit or network connection point. Contrast with attach.

context menu
A menu containing a list of choices that are currently applicable to the object from which the context menu was requested. Context menus for a group of selected objects contain only those choices that are currently applicable to the all of the objects in the selected group.

controller
A unit that controls input/output operations for one or more devices.

copy
In the NetView for AIX program, a menu item function that copies selected symbols and objects to the cut buffer. To complete the copy operation, select the Paste menu item.

CRC
Cyclic redundancy check.

critical status
In the NetView for AIX program, the status state, displayed by a symbol, that indicates a problem with the object. If the status is compound status, it reflects a critical condition in the parent object's child submap. If the status is direct status, it may reflect a critical condition for the symbol or the object. The default color for critical status is red. See compound status and normal status.

D

daemon
A program that runs unattended to perform a standard service. Some daemons are triggered automatically to perform their task; others operate periodically.

data
A representation of facts, concepts, or instructions in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing by human or automatic means. (I) (A)

data communication
Transfer of information between functional units by means of data transmission according to a protocol. (T) The transmission, reception, and validation of data. (A)

data link connection identifier (DLCI)
The numeric identifier of a frame-relay subport or PVC segment in a frame-relay network. Each subport in a single frame-relay port has a unique DLCI. The following table, excerpted from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard T1.618 and the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) Standard Q.922, indicates the functions associated with certain DLCI values:
DLCI Values Function
0 In-channel signaling
1-15 reserved
16-991 Assigned using frame-relay connection procedures
992-1007 Layer-2 management of frame-relay bearer service
1008-1022 Reserved
1023 In-channel layer management

default
Pertaining to an attribute, value, or option that is assumed when none is explicitly specified. (I)

default compound status
When a new map is created, compound status is set to a default value. The default value for compound status causes the graphical interface to propagate status.

destination
Any point or location, such as a node, station, or particular terminal, to which information is to be sent.

device
A mechanical, electrical, or electronic contrivance with a specific purpose. In the AIX operating system, a valuator, button, or the keyboard. Buttons have values of 0 or 1 (up or down); valuators return values in a range, and the keyboard returns ASCII values.

diagnostics
Modules or tests used by computer users and service personnel to diagnose hardware problems.

dialog box
A movable window, fixed in size, containing controls that a user uses to provide information required by an application so that it can continue to process a user request.

disabled
Pertaining to a state of a processing unit that prevents the occurrence of certain types of interruptions.

discovery
The automatic detection of network topology changes (for example, new and deleted nodes, new and deleted interfaces).

display
To present data visually. (I) (A)

DLCI
Data link connection identifier.

domain
In the Internet, a part of a naming hierarchy in which the domain name consists of a sequence of names (labels) separated by periods (dots). In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), a part of a distributed system or a set of managed objects to which a common policy applies.

double-click
To press and release a mouse button twice in rapid succession.

downstream
In the direction of data flow from the host to the end user. Contrast with upstream.

drag
In CUA architecture, to use a pointing device to move an object; for example, clicking on a window border, and dragging it to make the window larger.

dynamic
Pertaining to an operation that occurs at the time it is needed rather than at a predetermined or fixed time.

E

edit menu
An action bar menu that contains items that enable the user to edit symbols and objects in an open map or submap. Editing includes tasks such as adding, deleting, and copying.

EMM
Ethernet management module.

end user
The ultimate source or destination of application data flowing through an SNA network. An end user can be an application program or a workstation operator.

enterprise
An entire business organization. An enterprise may consist of one or more establishments, divisions, plants, warehouses, and so on that require an information system.

enterprise-specific MIB
An SNMP Management Information Base (MIB) developed by individual vendors for specific products. Vendors register their private MIBs under the enterprise object identifier subtree. See also MIB.

entity
Any concrete or abstract thing of interest, including associations among things; for example, a person, object, event, or process that is of interest in the context under consideration, and about which data may be stored in a database. (T)   In Open Systems Interconnection architecture, an active element within a subsystem. Cooperation between entities in a layer is controlled by one or more protocols. (T)  

equipment rack
A metal stand for mounting network components, such as distribution panels and IBM 8228 Multistation Access Units. Synonymous with rack.

error
A discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. (I) (A).

Ethernet network
A baseband LAN with a bus topology in which messages are broadcast on a coaxial cable using a carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) transmission method.

event
An occurrence of significance to a task; for example, the completion of an asynchronous operation, such as an input/output operation. In the NetView program, a record indicating irregularities of operation in physical elements of a network.

executable symbol
A symbol configured such that double-clicking on it causes an application to perform an action on a set of target objects. When you change the behavior of a symbol to executable, you choose from a list of registered applications and actions, and you choose a set of objects (target objects) that the application acts upon. You can modify these settings at any time. Executable symbols are useful for easily performing complex network management tasks as often as needed. Contrast with explodable symbol.

explodable symbol
A symbol configured such that double-clicking on it displays the child submap of the parent object that the symbol represents. The child submap displays the contents of the parent object. If the object the symbol represents has no child submap, a question dialog box appears enabling you to create and configure a child submap. After the submap is created, double-clicking on the symbol opens the child submap. Contrast with executable symbol.

F

fault
An accidental condition that causes a functional unit to fail to perform its required function. (I) (A)

FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface.

FDDI network
A collection of FDDI nodes interconnected to form a trunk, or a tree, or a trunk ring with multiple trees. This topology is sometimes called a dual ring of trees.

feature
A part of an IBM product that can be ordered separately by the customer.

fiber
See optical fiber.

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
A high-performance, general-purpose, multi-station network designed for efficient operation with a peak data transfer rate of 100 Mbps. It uses token-ring architecture with optical fiber as the transmission medium over distances of several kilometers.

field
An identifiable area in a window. Examples of fields are: an entry field, into which a user can type or place text, and a field of radio button choices, from which a user can select one choice. In NetView for AIX, the building block of which objects are composed. A field is characterized by a field name, a data type (integer, Boolean, character string, or enumerated value), and a set of flags that describe how the field is treated by NetView for AIX. A field can contain data only when it is associated with an object.

file
A named set of records stored or processed as a unit. (T)

filter
In the NetView for AIX program, a set of criteria that determines which events are received by registered applications, selected for displaying, or forwarded to the NetView and NETCENTER programs as alerts. In the NetView program, a function that limits the data that is to be recorded on the database and displayed at the terminal.

FMM
FDDI management module.

FOIRL
Fiber optic interconnection repeater link.

fork
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), to create and start a child process. Forking is similar to creating an address space and attaching. It creates a copy of the parent process, including open file descriptors.

frame
A unit of transmission in some LANs, including the IBM Token-Ring Network and the IBM PC Network. It includes delimiters, control characters, information, and checking characters. On a token-ring network, a frame is created from a token when the token has data appended to it. On a token bus network (IBM PC Network), all frames including the token frame contain a preamble, start delimiter, control address, optional data and checking characters, end delimiter, and are followed by a minimum silence period. A protocol data unit transmitted between cooperating MAC entities on a ring, consisting of a variable number of octets.

function index
An index that enables you to get online help that describes the functions of the graphical interface. You can display the Function index from the Help menu.

G

gateway
A functional unit that interconnects two computer networks with different network architectures. A gateway connects networks or systems of different architectures. A bridge interconnects networks or systems with the same or similar architectures. (T)

graphical user interface
In the NetView for AIX program, the integrating interface application that provides the means for displaying submaps and for integrating network applications. The graphical interface is a single, consistent interface that enables multiple applications to interact.

grayed
A menu selection or button that is not currently enabled for the given context and appears dim in comparison to other selections.

gtmd daemon
A background process that receives generic topology information for the multiprotocol topology functions of the NetView for AIX program.

H

hard error
An error condition on a network that requires that the network be reconfigured or that the source of the error be removed before the network can resume reliable operation. Contrast with soft error. Synonym for hard failure. (T)

hardware
Physical equipment as opposed to programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation. (I) (A)

Help
A choice that gives a user access to helpful information about objects, choices, tasks, and products. A Help choice can appear on a menu bar or as a push button.

help menu
An action bar menu that provides detailed help information about the NetView for AIX graphical interface. It also provides information about registered applications that are integrated with the graphical interface.

help panel
Information displayed by a system in response to a help request from a user.

highlighting
In the NetView for AIX program, a visual cue showing the nodes or connections that are the output of certain operations. Emphasizing a display element or segment by modifying its visual attributes. (I) (A)

host
In the Internet suite of protocols, an end system. The end system can be any workstation; it does not have to be a mainframe.

host computer
In a computer network, a computer that usually performs network control functions and provides end users with services such as computation and database access. (T)   The primary or controlling computer in a multiple computer installation. In a network, a processing unit in which a network access method resides. Synonymous with host processor.

host processor
Synonym for host computer.

I

ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol.

icon
A graphic symbol, displayed on a screen, that a user can point to with a device, such as a mouse, in order to select a particular function or software application. (T)

ID
Identifier.

IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (U.S.A.).

inactive
Not operational. Pertaining to a node or device not connected or not available for connection to another node or device. In the AIX operating system, pertaining to a window that does not have an input focus. Contrast with active. See also inoperative.

initialize
In a LAN, to prepare the adapter (and adapter support code, if used) for use by an application program.

inoperative
The condition of a resource that has been active, but is no longer active. The resource may have failed, received an INOP request, or be suspended while a reactivate command is being processed. See also inactive.

interface
A shared boundary between two functional units, defined by functional characteristics, common physical interconnection characteristics, signal characteristics, and other characteristics as appropriate. (I) Hardware, software, or both, that links systems, programs, or devices.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
An organization of national standards bodies from various countries established to promote development of standards to facilitate international exchange of goods and services, and develop cooperation in intellectual, scientific, technological, and economic activity.

internet
A collection of networks interconnected by a set of routers that allow them to function as a single, large network. See also Internet.

Internet
The Internet administered by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), consisting of large national backbone networks and many regional and campus networks all over the world. The Internet uses the Internet suite of protocols. See also internet.

Internet address
See IP address.

Internet Protocol (IP)
A connectionless protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks. IP acts as an intermediary between the higher protocol layers and the physical network. However, this protocol does not provide error recovery and flow control and does not guarantee the reliability of the physical network.

IP
Internet Protocol.

IP address
The 32-bit address defined by the Internet Protocol, standard 5, Request for Comments (RFC) 791. It is usually represented in dotted decimal notation.

ISO
International Organization for Standardization

K

kbps
Kilobits per second.

L

label
A label is used to distinguish a symbol from other symbols on a submap and map. The label is displayed below a symbol. Labels can be assigned or modified at any time by using the Symbol Description dialog box.

LAN
Local area network.

LAN adapter
The circuit card within a communicating device that, together with its associated software, enables the device to be attached to a LAN.

LAN Network Manager for AIX
LAN Network Manager for AIX is an IBM licensed program that monitors and manages local area network (LAN) resources. LAN Network Manager for AIX can manage logical link control-based and simple network management protocol (SNMP) based token-ring LAN segments, fiber distributed data interface segments, and SNMP-managed bridges. This program monitors other LAN and wide area network (WAN) segment types.

LAN segment
Any portion of a LAN (for example, a bus or ring) that can operate independently, but that is connected to other parts of the network by means of bridges. A ring or bus network without bridges.

layer
One of the seven levels of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. In open systems architecture, a collection of related functions that comprise one level of hierarchy of functions. Each layer specifies its own functions and assumes that lower level functions are provided.

link
The combination of the link connection (the transmission medium) and two link stations, one at each end of the link connection. A link connection can be shared among multiple links in a multipoint or token-ring configuration. To interconnect items of data or portions of one or more computer programs: for example, the linking of object programs by a linkage editor, linking of data items by pointers. (T)

LLC
Logical link control.

lobe
In the IBM Token-Ring Network, the section of cable that attaches a device to an access unit. The cable may consist of several segments.

local area network (LAN)
A computer network located on a user's premises within a limited geographical area. Communication within a local area network is not subject to external regulations; however, communication across the LAN boundary may be subject to some form of regulation. (T) See also Ethernet network and token-ring network.

local registration file (LRF)
A file that provides information about an agent or daemon, such as the name, the location of the executable code, and details about the objects that an agent manages.

locally administered address
In a local area network, an adapter address that the user can assign to override the universally administered address. Contrast with universally administered address.

logical link control (LLC)
The data link control (DLC) LAN sublayer that provides two types of DLC operation for the orderly exchange of information. The first type is connectionless service, which allows information to be sent and received without establishing a link. The LLC sublayer does not perform error recovery or flow control for connectionless service. The second type is connection-oriented service, which requires establishing a link prior to the exchange of information. Connection-oriented service provides sequenced information transfer, flow control, and error recovery.

M

MAC
Medium access control.

managed node
In Internet communications, a workstation, server, or router that contains a network management agent. In the Internet Protocol (IP), the managed node usually contains a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent.

managed object
A component of a system that can be managed by a management application. The OSI management view of a resource that can be managed through the use of OSI management protocols.

Management Information Base (MIB)
A collection of objects that can be accessed by means of a network management protocol. A definition for management information that specifies the information available from a host or gateway and the operations allowed. In OSI, the conceptual repository of management information within an open system.

map
A set of related submaps that provides a graphical and hierarchical presentation of a network and its systems.

MAT
Management application transfer.

MB
Megabyte

medium
A physical carrier of electrical or optical energy.

medium access control (MAC)
The portion of the data link layer responsible for scheduling and routing data transmissions on a local area network (for example, an FDDI ring).

megabyte
For processor storage and real and virtual memory, 220 or 1 048 576 bytes. For disk storage capacity and transmission rates, 1 000 000 bytes.

menu
A list of options displayed to the user by a data processing system, from which the user can select an action to be initiated. (T)

menu bar
A rectangular area at the top of the client area of a window that contains the titles of the standard pull-down menus for that application.

menu item
One of a list of options contained in a menu.

message
An assembly of characters and sometimes control codes that is transferred as an entity from an originator to one or more recipients. A message consists of two parts: envelope and content. (T) In VTAM, the amount of function management data (FMD) transferred to VTAM by the application program with one SEND request.

MIB
Management Information Base.

microcode
One or more microinstructions. A code, representing the instructions of an instruction set, that is implemented in a part of storage that is not program-addressable. To design, write, and test one or more microinstructions.

motif
See OSF/Motif.

mouse
A commonly used pointing device, containing one or more buttons, with which a user can interact with a product or the operating environment.

N

NetBIOS
Network Basic Input/Output System. A standard interface to networks, IBM personal computers (PCs), and compatible PCs, that is used on LANs to provide message, print-server, and file-server functions. Application programs that use NetBIOS do not need to handle the details of LAN data link control (DLC) protocols.

NETCENTER
A software product that assists the network operator and other technical personnel at a network control center in managing the network.

netmon daemon
A background process that discovers and monitors nodes on the network.

NetView for AIX
Also known as SystemView NetView for AIX (part of SystemView for AIX). An IBM licensed program for systems management in the AIX environment. NetView for AIX can use the NetView for AIX Service Point to communicate with the NetView and NETCENTER programs.

network
An arrangement of nodes and connecting branches. (T) A configuration of data processing devices and software connected for information interchange. A group of nodes and the links interconnecting them. See also FDDI network.

network adapter
A physical device, and its associated software, that enables a processor or controller to be connected to a network.

network address
In a subarea network, an address, consisting of subarea and element fields, that identifies a link, link station, physical unit, logical unit, or system services control point. Subarea nodes use network addresses; peripheral nodes use local addresses or local-form session identifiers (LFSIDs). The boundary function in the subarea node to which a peripheral node is attached transforms local addresses or LFSIDs to network addresses and vice versa. According to ISO 7498-3, a name, unambiguous within the OSI environment, that identifies a set of network service access points.

network application program
A program used to connect and communicate with adapters on a network, enabling users to perform application-oriented activities and to run other application programs.

network architecture
The logical structure and operating principles of a computer network. (T)
Note:The operating principles of a network include those of services, functions, and protocols.

network management
The process of planning, organizing, and controlling a communication-oriented data processing or information system.

network manager
A program or group of programs that is used to monitor, manage, and diagnose the problems of a network.

network monitor card (NMC)
A daughter card that is carried by a module. A daughter card may be a MAC daughter card (Chipcom NMC) or a security daughter card.

node
In a network, a point at which one or more functional units connect channels or data circuits. (I) Any device, attached to a network, that transmits and receives data. An endpoint of a link or a junction common to two or more links in a network. Nodes can be processors, communication controllers, cluster controllers, or terminals. Nodes can vary in routing and other functional capabilities.

node submap
Contains the addressable resources of a network, such as a gateway, router, workstation, and personal computer.

normal status
Indicates that a network object is functioning normally. The default icon symbol color for normal status is green. The default connection symbol color for normal status is black. See critical status.

notification
An unscheduled, spontaneously generated report of an event that has occurred. In OSI management, information emitted by a managed object relating to an event that has occurred within the managed object.

O

object
In the NetView for AIX program, a generic term for any entity that NetView for AIX discovers and displays on the topological map, or any entity that you add to the topology map.

object ID
The unique name identification of a management information base object.

Open Software Foundation (OSF)
A consortium of various computer and software manufacturers whose purpose is to provide enabling technology.

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
The interconnection of open systems in accordance with standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the exchange of information. (T) (A) The use of standardized procedures to enable the interconnection of data processing systems.
Note:OSI architecture establishes a framework for coordinating the development of current and future standards for the interconnection of computer systems. Network functions are divided into seven layers. Each layer represents a group of related data processing and communication functions that can be carried out in a standard way to support different applications.

operating system (OS)
Software that controls the execution of programs and that may provide services such as resource allocation, scheduling, input/output control, and data management. Although operating systems are predominantly software, partial hardware implementations are possible. (T)

optical cable
A fiber, multiple fibers, or a fiber bundle in a structure built to meet optical, mechanical, and environmental specifications. (E)  

optical fiber
Any filament made of dielectric materials that guides light, regardless of its ability to send signals. (E)  See also fiber optics.

optical fiber cable
Synonym for optical cable.

option
A specification in a statement, a selection from a menu, or a setting of a switch, that can be used to influence the execution of a program. A hardware or software function that can be selected or enabled as part of a configuration process. A piece of hardware (such as a network adapter) that can be installed in a device to modify or enhance device function.

OS/2
IBM Operating System/2.

OSF
Open Software Foundation.

OSF/Motif
A graphical interface that contains a tool kit, presentation description language, window manager, and style guideline. See also Open Software Foundation.

OSI
Open Systems Interconnection.

output device
A device in a data processing system by which data can be received from the system. (I) (A) Synonymous with output unit.

output unit
Synonym for output device.

ovspmd daemon
A background process that coordinates the start and stop of the other NetView for AIX daemons.

ovtopmd
A process that puts Internet Protocol (IP) topology information in the NetView for AIX program's database.

P

packet internet groper (PING)
In Internet communications, a program used in TCP/IP networks to test the ability to reach destinations by sending the destinations an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and waiting for a reply.

panel
A formatted display of information that appears on a display screen. See help panel.

parameter
A variable that is given a constant value for a specified application and that may denote the application. (I) (A) An item in a menu or for which the user specifies a value or for which the system provides a value when the menu is interpreted. Data passed between programs or procedures.

parent
A process that spawns a child process using forking. Contrast with child. See also fork.

parent object
The relationship that an object has with its child submap. Symbols of a parent object can appear on multiple submaps.

parent submap
The view from which an object was expanded. Each segment has a parent Network submap. Each network has the Internet submap for its parent. See also parent window.

parent window
In AIX Enhanced X Windows, the window that controls the size and location of its children. If a window has children, it is a parent window. See also parent submap.

path
In a network, any route between any two nodes. (T) The route traversed by the information exchanged between two attaching devices in a network.

PBS
Per-bank switching

PCS
Per-connector switching

physical layer
In the Open Systems Interconnection reference model, the layer that provides the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to establish and release physical connections over the transmission medium. (T)

physical link
In FDDI, the simplex path (through PMD and attached medium) from the transmit function of one PHY entity to the receive function of an adjacent PHY entity (in concentrators, repeaters, or stations) in an FDDI ring.

PMS
Per-module switching

polling
On a multipoint connection or a point-to-point connection, the process whereby data stations are invited, one at a time, to transmit. (I) Interrogation of devices for such purposes as to avoid contention, to determine operational status, or to determine readiness to send or receive data. (A)

port
An access point for data entry or exit. A connector on a device to which cables for other devices such as display stations and printers are attached. Synonymous with socket.

PPS
Per-port switching

process ID
A unique number that is assigned by the AIX Operating System to each program that is running.

processor
In a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions. A processor consists of at least an instruction control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit. (T)

propagate at threshold value
A compound status scheme in which the NetView for AIX program propagates marginal or critical status based on threshold values. The default threshold to propagate marginal status is 50%. The default threshold to propagate critical status is 90%. See also compound status, default compound status, and propagate most critical.

propagate most critical
A compound status scheme in which the NetView for AIX program propagates the status of the most critical symbol in the child submap to the symbol of the parent object. See compound status, default compound status, and propagate at threshold value.

protocol
A set of semantic and syntactic rules that determine the behavior of functional units in achieving communication. (I)

proxy agent
A "translator" routine that manages an object and converts its communications defined by one protocol.

PS/2
IBM Personal System/2.

PSM
Product-specific module.

pull-down menu
A list of choices extending from a selected menu-bar choice that gives users access to actions, routings, and settings related to an object.

push button
A rectangle that appears as three-dimensional with text inside. Push buttons are used in windows for actions that occur immediately when the push button is selected.

R

rack
Synonym for equipment rack.

read-only access
In the NetView for AIX program, an open map that a user can view. A map open with read-only access displays status, allows submap and snapshot traversal, and enables you to monitor and locate objects. The File..Refresh Map menu item is used to update the topology of a map open with read-only access. Objects, symbols, submaps, and snapshots cannot be deleted or modified. See read-write access.

read-only memory (ROM)
Memory in which stored data cannot be modified by the user except under special conditions.

read-write access
In the NetView for AIX program, an open map that a user can change. This map is continuously updated with status and topology changes. With read-write access, objects, symbols, submaps, and snapshots can be added or deleted within the map. Only one user can have a map open with read-write access at a given time. See read-only access.

recommended action
Procedures suggested by the NetView for AIX program that can be used to determine the causes of network problems.

reduced instruction-set computer (RISC)
A computer that uses a small, simplified set of frequently used instructions for rapid execution.

registration file
See application registration file

remote
Pertaining to a system, program, or device that is accessed through a telecommunication line. A device that does not use the same protocol and is, therefore, unknown.

remove
In the IBM Token-Ring Network, to take an attaching device off the ring.

repeater
In a network, a device that amplifies or regenerates data signals in order to extend the distance between attaching devices. A physical layer relay in an FDDI network.

resource
Any facility of a computing system or operating system required by a job or task, and including main storage, input/output devices, the processing unit, data sets, and control or processing programs. In the NetView for AIX program, any hardware or software that provides function to the network.

response
In data communication, a reply represented in the control field of a response frame. It advises the primary or combined station of the action taken by the secondary or other combined station to one or more commands. See also command.

RFC
Request for Comments (Internet document).

ring
A network configuration in which devices are connected by unidirectional transmission links to form a closed path.

RISC
Reduced instruction-set computer.

root submap
Contains the highest level of the submap hierarchy. Multiple networks can be placed within the root submap.

root user
Synonym for superuser authority.

route
An ordered sequence of nodes and transmission groups (TGs) that represent a path from an origin node to a destination node traversed by the traffic exchanged between them. The path that network traffic uses to get from source to destination.

router
An attaching device that connects two LAN segments, which use similar or different architectures, at the reference model network layer. Contrast with bridge and gateway.

routine
Part of a program, or a sequence of instructions called by a program, that may have some general or frequent use.

routing
The process of determining the path to be used for transmission of a message over a network. (T)

S

SAA
Systems Application Architecture.

SAP
Service access point.

screen
In the AIX extended curses library, a window that is as large as the display screen of the workstation.

scroll
To move a display image vertically or horizontally to view data that cannot be observed within a single display screen.

segment
A group of display elements. In the IBM Token-Ring network, a section of cable between components or devices on the network. A segment may consist of a single patch cable, multiple patch cables connected together, or a combination of building cable and patch cables connected together.

segment submap
A submap that represents the topology of a segment of a network. A segment submap contains network nodes and connectors.

select
In the AIX operating system, to choose a button on the display screen. To place the cursor on an object (name or command) and press a button on the mouse or the appropriate key on the keyboard.

service access point (SAP)
In Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture, the point at which the services of a layer are provided by an entity of that layer to an entity of the next higher layer. (T) A logical point made available by an adapter where information can be received and transmitted. A single service access point can have many links terminating in it.

shell procedure
In the AIX operating system, a series of commands, combined in a file, that carry out a particular function when the file is run or when the file is specified as a value to the SH command.

shell script
Synonym for shell procedure.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
In the Internet suite of protocols, a network management protocol that is used to monitor routers and attached networks. SNMP is an application layer protocol. Information on devices managed is defined and stored in the application's Management Information Base (MIB).

SMIT
System Management Interface Tool

SNA
Systems Network Architecture.

SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol.

socket
Synonym for port.

soft error
An error that occurs sporadically and that may not appear on successive attempts to read data. Synonymous with transient error. (T) An intermittent error on a network that requires retransmission. Contrast with hard error.
Note:A soft error by itself does not affect overall reliability of a network, but reliability may be affected if the number of soft errors reaches the ring error limit.

station
An input or output point of a system that uses telecommunication facilities; for example, one or more systems, computers, terminals, devices, and associated programs at a particular location that can send or receive data over a telecommunication line.

status
The condition or state of hardware or software, usually represented by a status code. In the NetView for AIX program, the condition of a node or portion of the network as represented by the color of a symbol on a submap.

subagent
In the AIX Systems Monitor/6000 program, a background process called sysmond. The sysmond daemon provides local and remote systems monitoring, using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

submap
A particular view of some aspect of a network that displays symbols that represent objects. Some symbols may explode into other submaps, usually having a more detailed view than their parent submap. The application that creates a submap determines what part of the network the submap displays. See also root submap, node submap, and segment submap.

submap stack
A component of the graphical interface shown on the left side of each submap window. The submap stack represents the ancestry of all submaps. Selecting a submap representation from the stack causes the contents of the current submap window to be replaced with the selected submap. Dragging a submap representation from the stack causes a new window to be opened.

submap window
A submap window contains an NetView for AIX menu bar, a submap viewing area, a status line, and a button box. You can display multiple submap windows of an open map and an open snapshot at any given time.

subnet
In TCP/IP, a part of a network that is identified by a portion of the Internet address. Synonym for subnetwork.

subnetwork
Any group of nodes that have a set of common characteristics, such as the same network ID. In the AIX operating system, one of a group of multiple logical network divisions of another network, such as can be created by the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) interface program. Synonymous with subnet.

superuser authority
In the AIX operating system, the unrestricted authority to access and modify any part of the operating system, usually associated with the user who manages the system.

symbol
In the NetView for AIX program, a picture or icon that represents an object. Each symbol has an outside and inside component.

synchronous
Pertaining to two or more processes that depend on the occurrences of specific events such as common timing signals. (I) (A) Occurring with a regular or predictable timing relationship. A class of data transmission service whereby each requester is preallocated a maximum bandwidth and guaranteed a response time not to exceed a specific delay.

System Management Interface Tool (SMIT)
An interface tool that is provided with the AIX Operating System for installing, maintaining, configuring, and diagnosing tasks.

SystemView NetView for AIX
See NetView for AIX.

T

task
In a multiprogramming or multiprotocol environment, one or more sequences of instructions treated by a control program as an element of work to be accomplished by a computer. (I) (A)

task index
An index that provides online help entries for a variety of tasks that are available in the NetView for AIX program and applications that are integrated with the NetView for AIX program. The Task Index can be accessed from the Help menu.

TCP
Transmission Control Protocol.

TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

terminal
A device, usually equipped with a keyboard and a display device, that is capable of sending and receiving information.

TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol.

threshold
In the NetView for AIX program, a setting that specifies the maximum value a statistic can reach before notification that the limit was exceeded. For example, when a monitored MIB value has exceeded the threshold, SNMPCollect generates a threshold event.

toggle button
In AIXwindows and Enhanced X Windows, a graphical object that simulates a toggle switch; it switches sequentially from one optional state to another.

token ring
According to IEEE 802.5, network technology that controls media access by passing a token (special packet or frame) between media-attached stations. A FDDI or IEEE 802.5 network with a ring topology that passes tokens from one attaching ring station (node) to another. See also local area network (LAN).

topology
The physical or logical arrangement of nodes in a computer network. Examples include ring topology and bus topology.

trace
A record of the execution of a computer program. It exhibits the sequences in which the instructions were executed. (A) For data links, a record of the frames and bytes transmitted or received.

tralert daemon
A background process that receives SNMP traps, converts the traps to NMVT alerts, and sends the alerts to the host system that is running the NetView for AIX and NETCENTER programs.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A communications protocol used in Internet and in any network that follows the U.S. Department of Defense standards for internetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocol between hosts in packet-switched communications networks and in interconnected systems of such networks. It assumes that the Internet Protocol is the underlying protocol.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
A set of communication protocols that support peer-to-peer connectivity functions for both local and wide area networks.

transmission medium
A physical carrier of electrical energy or electromagnetic radiation. The physical medium that conveys data between data stations; for example, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, coaxial cable. (T)

transmit
To send data from one place for reception elsewhere. (A)   The action of a station in generating a token, frame, or other symbol sequence and placing it on the outgoing medium.

trap
In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a message sent by a managed node (agent function) to a management station to report an exception condition.

trapd daemon
A background process that receives events and traps, logs them to a specific log file, and upon request can forward the events to other daemons or processes.

tree
A physical topology consisting of a hierarchy of master-slave connections between a concentrator and other FDDI nodes (including subordinate concentrators).

TRMM
Token-ring management module.

trunk
A physical topology, either open or closed, employing two optical fiber signal paths, one in each direction (that is, counter-rotating), forming a sequence of peer connections between FDDI nodes. When the trunk forms a closed loop it is sometimes called a trunk ring.

twisted pair
A transmission medium that consists of two insulated conductors twisted together to reduce noise. (T)

U

UNIX operating system
An operating system developed by Bell Laboratories that features multiprogramming in a multiuser environment. The UNIX operating system was originally developed for use on minicomputers but has been adapted for mainframes and microcomputers. The AIX operating system is IBM's implementation of the UNIX operating system. See AIX operating system.

unknown status
The status of an object that is not yet known or does not actually exist in the network. The default icon symbol color for unknown status is blue. The default connection symbol color is black. See also critical status, normal status, unmanaged status, and status.

unmanaged status
The status that indicates that an object is unmanaged. The default icon symbol color displayed to indicate unmanaged status is wheat. The default connection symbol color displayed is black. See also critical status, normal status, compound status, unknown status, and status.

upstream
In the direction of data flow from the end user to the host. Contrast with downstream.

user
A person who requires the services of a computing system. Any person or any thing that may issue or receive commands and messages to or from the information processing system. (T)   Anyone who requires the services of a computing system.

V

value
A specific occurrence of an attribute; for example, "blue" for the attribute "color." (T) A quantity assigned to a constant, a variable, a parameter, or a symbol.

variable
In the NetView command list language, a character string beginning with "&" that is coded in a command list and is assigned a value during execution of the command list. In the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), a match of an object instance name with an associated value.

version
A separately licensed program that usually has significant new code or new function.

view
Synonym for submap.

W

WAN
Wide area network.

wide area network (WAN)
A network that provides communication services to a geographic area larger than that served by a local area network or a metropolitan area network, and that may use or provide public communication facilities. (T)   Contrast with local area network (LAN).

wildcard character
A special character such as an asterisk (*) or a question mark (?) that can be used to represent one or more characters. Any character or set of characters can replace a pattern-matching character.

window
A portion of a display surface in which display images pertaining to a particular application can be presented. Different applications can be displayed simultaneously in different windows. (A)

wiring closet
A room that contains one or more distribution panels and equipment racks that are used to interconnect cables. Sometimes called a network wiring closet to distinguish it from a telephone wiring closet.

workstation
A functional unit at which a user works. A workstation often has some processing capability. (T)   A personal desktop computer consisting of a monitor, keyboard, and central processing unit. Workstations can have voice/data application program software enabled by CallPath for Workstations.

X

X.25
An International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT) recommendation for the interface between data terminal equipment and packet-switched data networks.

X.25 interface
An interface consisting of a data terminal equipment (DTE) and a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) in communication over a link using the procedures described in the CCITT Recommendation X.25.

X-Window System
A network-transparent windowing system developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is the basis for the Enhanced X-Windows Toolkit.

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